Anion |
Anion |
Ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge |
Atom |
Atom |
The smallest electrically neutral particle of a chemical element, which cannot be further divided by chemical means |
Atom |
Atom |
Basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons |
Atomhülle |
Electron shell |
May be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus |
Atomkern |
Atomic nucleus |
Very dense region consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) at the center of an atom |
Atommasse |
Atomic mass |
The mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units |
Bor |
Boron |
A chemical element with atomic number 5 |
Chemisches Element |
Chemical element |
A chemical substance in which al the atoms have the same nuclear charge and which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by physical means |
Chlor |
Chlorine |
A chemical element with atomic number 17 |
Elektron |
Electron |
An elementary particle |
Elektronegativität |
Electronegativity |
A relative measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electron pairs |
Elektronenaffinität |
Electron affinity |
The energy gained when an electron is added to an atom or cation |
Elektronengas |
Fermi gas |
According to the free electron model the valence electrons are assumed to be completely detached from the metallic cations |
Elementsymbol |
Chemical Symbol |
An international abbreviation for a chemical element |
Fest |
Solid |
Highly ordered state of matter where the particles are packed closely together |
Fluor |
Fluorine |
A chemical element with atomic number 9 |
Flüssig |
Liquid |
Unordered state of matter with a nearly incompressible fluid which is able to conform to the shape of its container |
Gasförmig |
Gas |
The particles have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small and the typical distance between neighboring particles is much greater than the molecular size |
Glanz |
Gloss |
Optical property, which is based on the interaction of light with physical characteristics of a surface |
Gruppe |
Group |
The vertical columns of the periodic table |
Hauptgruppe |
Main group |
The vertical columns of the periodic table, where only the s (1 and 2, i.e. I and II) and p (13 to 18, i.e. III to VIII) orbitals are filled |
Ion |
Ion |
Atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge |
Ionengitter |
Ionic crystal |
Salts in the solid state usually form ionic lattices with very strong electroststic attracting forces between the ions |
Ionisierungsenergie |
Ionization energy |
The energy which is required to remove an electron from an atom or anion |
Isotop |
Isotope |
Variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons |
Kalium |
Pottassium |
A chemical element with atomic number 19 |
Kation |
Cation |
Ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge |
Kohlenstoff |
Carbon |
A chemical element with atomic number 6 |
Maßeinheit |
Units of measurement |
A definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention |
Massenzahl |
Mass number |
The total number of nucloens (protons and neutrons) in an atomic nucleus |
Metall |
Metal |
Chemical elements with a shiny surface, which are good conductors of head and electricity |
Molekül |
Molecule |
A particle consisting of a limited number of atomic nuclei and electrons in a certain spatial arrangement |
Natrium |
Sodium |
A chemical element with atomic number 11 |
Nichtmetall |
Nonmetal |
Chemical elements which do not have the properties characteristic of metals |
Ordnungszahl |
Atomic number |
Number of protons in the nucleus and therefore the number of electrons in the neutral atom of an element |
Periode |
Period |
The rows of the periodic table |
Periodensystem |
Periodic table |
A table which shows the periodicity in the chemical properties of elements when they are arranged according to increasing nuclear charge number (atomic number) |
Phosphor |
Phosphorus |
A chemical element with atomic number 15 |
Protonenzahl |
Atomic charge number |
Number of protons in the nucleus and therefore the number of electrons in the neutral atom of an element |
Salz |
Ionic compound |
A group of heteropolar compound which form crystal lattices consisting of ions (ionic lattices) |
Sauerstoff |
Oxygen |
A chemical element with atomic number 8 |
Schwefel |
Sulfur |
A chemical element with atomic number 16 |
Silizium |
Silicon |
A chemical element with atomic number 14 |
Stickstoff |
Nitrogen |
A chemical element with atomic number 7 |
Valenzelektron |
Valence electron |
Electrons in the outermost (valence) shell of an atom |
Valenzschale |
Valence shell |
The outermost shell of an atom |
Wasserstoff |
Hydrogen |
A chemical element with atomic number 1 |